![]() ![]() We will also be tackling all the other payment methods available for all DoorDash customers. Does DoorDash Take Cash? ĭoes DoorDash accept cash? Yes, DoorDash accepts cash as a payment method. The Dashers, or the DoorDash drivers, may choose to accept Cash on Delivery orders. They will collect cash payments from customers and have the corresponding cash amount deducted from their next balance transfer. ![]() How Does the DoorDash Cash Payment Method Work? When a customer orders food using the DoorDash app, they can choose their desired payment method. If they choose Cash on Delivery, then the Dasher who accepts the order must pay the restaurant first and reimburse it when the customer pays upon delivery. DoorDash App Sends Order Assignment to the Dasher This is how it works on the Dasher’s end: 1. The DoorDash app sends an order assignment to the Dasher. This includes information on the payment method chosen by the customer. In this example, let us assume that the Dasher has just been informed of a Cash on Delivery order. ![]() If the Dasher does not want to accept the order, he can decline it as much as he has the option to accept the order. This will not affect his acceptance rate in any way. If the Dasher accepts the Cash on Delivery order, he then coordinates with the food establishment to prepare the order. Once prepared, the Dasher then delivers the food to the customer. Upon delivery, the Dasher collects the cash payment from the customer. The offsetting approach is then applied wherein the Dasher gets to keep the cash while the total amount ordered will be deducted from the succeeding scheduled direct deposit.Ĭan you pay with cash on DoorDash? You can pay cash on DoorDash upon the delivery of your orders. That is if you chose the Cash on Delivery option when you ordered. Customer Insisting That He Paid Online and Refused to Pay Upon DeliveryĪ Dasher may encounter problems with his customer in terms of payment. One scenario is if the customer insisted that he paid online upon delivering the food and would definitely not hand over any cash payment. However, upon double-checking the order assignment, the Dasher could confirm a Cash on Delivery order. Should the Dasher give the food to the customer or not? Definitely not. If there is a discrepancy in the payment method used, the Dasher can’t simply hand the food over to the customer. In which case, the Dasher has to return the goods to the food establishment. The Dasher and the customer can contact Support to report the incident. They must also be able to provide proof that there was some discrepancy. If you have already tried browsing the DoorDash website or mobile app, you probably came across the term DashPass. DashPass is one of the best features of this food delivery service.ĭashPass is a subscription service that will allow customers to save money. When you are subscribed to DashPass, your orders amounting to at least US$15 will be delivered to you for free for as long as you are subscribed to the service. The subscription fee costs US$9.99 per month only, and it will already give you unlimited access to hundreds of local and national food establishments. You may then start ordering from those establishments to avail of free food deliveries.Once subscribed, you will notice checkmarks indicating restaurants and/or food establishments available on DashPass.Tap the DashPass banner located at the top of the home screen.If you’re interested in subscribing to the DashPass service, here are the step-by-step instructions: These include California Pizza Kitchen, The Cheesecake Factory, and Wendy’s, among many others. In case you did not like the DashPass service after using it for a month, feel free to cancel your subscription. Is DashPass worth it? For a $9.99/month subscription, many people found this app worth it because of the convenience it brings, especially for those who order food more than three times a month. DoorDash Payment MethodsĬustomers may also pay using their credit or debit cards. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Features Shirt, Skirt, Wig, Glasses Related Products Rubies Scooby Doo Plush Adult Costume MSRP: 99.99 89.88 Rubies Shaggy Scooby Doo Adult Costume MSRP: 59.99 48.88 Rubies Fred Scooby Doo Adult Costume MSRP: 59. The glasses have a thick black frame and a pair of tinted, light blue lenses. Description The Brains of the Troop Velma costume includes- Wig, Glasses, Shirt and Skirt. The skirt fits with an elastic band in the waist and the knee high socks match the sweater for a look that looks like it came right from the 1970s. This women's Velma Dinkley costume brings you everything you need to transform into the problem-solving bookworm! The pullover turtle neck stretches to fit and comes in a bright orange color. Now, you can be the one putting the clues together when you dress up in this Women's Classic Scooby Doo Velma Costume! It's officially licensed from the classic cartoon series and has a colorful, retro style that every Scooby fan can dig. And when you hear the word "Jinkies!" it usually means that she's just cracked the case Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Pinterest. Of course, the brains of the whole operation is Velma Dinkley! Her inquisitive mind and knack for zeroing on details have helped the gang put a stop to supernatural problems on a weekly basis. More From This Category: Scooby Doo Costumes Recently Viewed. ![]() Well, it looks like another mystery is afoot! Whenever there's a creepy ghoul lurking in the town or a suspicious swamp monster running amok, you can bet that the Mystery Machine gang is there to uncover the clues. This womens Velma Dinkley costume brings you everything you need to transform into the problem-solving bookworm The pullover turtle neck stretches to fit and comes in a bright orange color. ![]() ![]() ![]() Although the camera interface has been tweaked to make it easier to access popular modes like Portrait and Panorama, most of these new features won't be obvious at first glance. Top Shot is pretty straightforward - the Pixel captures a few frames before and after you press the shutter and suggests the image it thinks is the best. You just have to make sure to enable Motion from the top of the viewfinder to save animated versions of your photos in order for this to work. If you don't like a shot that Google picked, you can swipe up on the image to see your other options. Dots on top of the row show you which ones the phone thinks are better, so you can quickly find good alternatives, but you can also choose to export any of the dozens of frames. Super Resolution Zoom is designed to help take close-ups of a subject from a distance, for times when you're being a sneaky stalker or at a large concert or sporting event. When you zoom in, the Pixel 3 automatically measures every tiny movement and shake of your hands to compensate for the blur and combines multiple frames to make your shot clearer. It didn't seem particularly effective until I compared the zoomed-in photos from my Pixel 3 to some from my Pixel 2. The amount of noise in shots taken with the new phone is drastically lower. ![]() ![]() It isn't perfect, lines are still soft and details are muddy, but, all things considered, the results are impressive.Īnother addition is some Google Lens features built right into the viewfinder. No more firing up a separate mode just to scan QR codes. Simply open your camera, point it at things around you and long-press to see search results. I was expecting this integration to happen within the same screen, but instead it opens a separate Lens mode. Then, you'll have to tap on little circles of things the system found. Sometimes it was accurate - like when the Pixel 3 recognized a MacBook in our office. But then it mistakenly identified my Pixel 2 as a Samsung Galaxy. The other new stuff is less about utility and more for entertainment, like Photobooth and Playground. Launch Photobooth if you're feelin' cute and want to get into a selfie session without fumbling around for physical or onscreen buttons. It'll automatically snap pics when it detects a smile, which makes it useful for hands-free picture taking, but useless if you don't smile (like me). The Pixel 3 was good at capturing shots when I did stop being a grouch. Playground is a new AR sticker feature that puts characters like Marvel's Iron Man in the scene with you (or your subject).īut it also occasionally picked up false positives, resulting in some embarrassing, derpy pictures. I was impressed by how naturally integrated the characters were. But it wasn't easy to position them in the rear camera, and if you're taking a selfie in Playground, you can use only the primary lens, not the wide-angle one. ![]() ![]() "Throughout the year in NBA 2K22, new challenges, rewards, and events make every Season fresh and unique in MyTeam," adds Visual Concepts. ![]() MyTeam Draft takes its bow on PS5 and Xbox Series X, enabling you to build a fresh line-up from a constantly updated pool of players, and MyTeam progress and collections are transferable between PS4 and PS5, or Xbox One and Xbox Series X. "New on-ball defensive positioning logic gives defenders more consistency in their positioning regardless of their distance from the basket… we now have the ability to have both single and double rotations to take away the first or second passing lanes once help defense is triggered."Īway from the court, MyTeam – the basketball answer to FIFA's all-conquering Ultimate Team – is inevitably a significant area of focus. "A lot of legacy issues were addressed through complete and thorough rewrites of almost all of the major defensive systems in the game," says Wang. The publisher is also keen to emphasise improvements to defensive AI. For instance, the best players in the game now feel truly individual: "KD’s big hesi crosses, Harden’s around/thru the leg moves, Steph’s quick machine gun crosses, and Luka’s methodical rock back and forth dribbles are all now under the gamer’s direct control rather than a preset movie," says NBA 2K gameplay director Mike Wang. Visual Concepts published additional details on some of these in a late August gameplay deep dive. "Playing suffocating defense on the perimeter and in the paint has never felt more rewarding, giving elite defenders the ability to truly change the outcome of the game," says Visual Concepts. On the defensive front, the developer is focussed on a revamped shot contest and blocking system. On offense you're promised a faster overall feel, new signature moves, precision jump shooting, dunking in traffic, and much-improved basketball IQ. Like its predecessor NBA 2K22 looks fantastically, eerily lifelike, but 2K insists that it's making huge strides in terms of gameplay too. ![]() ![]() NBA 2K22 ratings see LeBron share top spot You can see them all at the official NBA 2K website. In total there are four different editions of NBA 2K22. Basketball has given me so much, and I’m excited to give back and work together with 2K Foundations this year to help the lives of young kids around the globe.” “I’m proud to represent my country in a special cover that honours the colours of the Slovenian flag. “Making the global cover of NBA 2K22 is special for me,” says the giant Slovenian. The main NBA 2K22 cover star is Mavericks guard Luka Doncic. Parker fronts the game's WNBA 25th Anniversary Edition, with one catch – her cover variant is only available in North America. ![]() NBA 2K22 again smashes conventions but in a very different way, with Chicago Sky power forward Candace Parker the first ever female NBA 2K cover star. PS5 and Xbox Series X were fronted by New Orleans Pelicans power forward Zion Williamson, while Trail Blazers point guard Damian Lilliard was made the PS4 and Xbox One focus. In tribute, it produced a limited ‘Mamba Forever’ edition of the game featuring Bryant on the box, while the standard editions had separate cover stars on each console generation. The tragic death of basketball legend Kobe Bryant at the age of just 41 led 2K to break with convention where the NBA 2K21 cover was concerned. ![]() ![]() ![]() He'd run out to meet her and leave as soon as they were done." While Johnny would eventually marry Linda, Joey held a strong grudge against them both, and, though they continued to perform and tour together, the two rarely talked to each other. She didn't come to many shows and if she did he'd hide her in the back she wouldn't come backstage. Johnny knew it was bad and kept Linda totally hidden from that point on. Ramones' road manager Monte Melnick relates: "Joey was devastated. After the album was released, however, Daniele left Joey and became Johnny's girlfriend. He put something into the album, some harmony ideas." ĭuring early stages of the album's development, Joey was dating Linda Daniele. "We changed arrangements slightly, but it was basic stuff, like, "Let's put an end on this song rather than fade it, let's double up on the chorus at the end." Dee Dee recalled that "Graham really produced. "I'd show and he'd say, "You play it," but I had to play very restrictive, nothing fancy at all." He went on to say that there wasn't much work to do with the songs. Gouldman also revealed that there were certain tracks he actually played guitar on. If he suggested a guitar part, it had to sound like it came from Johnny, "or he wouldn't play it," Gouldman said. He changed a lot of the songs: "Here's a nice chord for the bridge, you should be playing a minor chord instead of a major chord," things like that." Gouldman also had ideas for vocal harmonies, guitar overdubs, and melodic basslines. I started feeling that the Ramones were faceless there were no individual identities in the band." Joey went on to say that, while this method had worked well in the beginning of their career, it began to annoy him, since "everything wrote, the band would take credit for." Įven though he expressed dissatisfaction with the album, working with Graham Gouldman, Johnny admitted, "was easy-he was always a gentleman. I'm against the band for doing that." Joey countered by explaining: "By Road to Ruin End of the Century, I was doing the majority of the songwriting. ![]() They are trying to go lighter, looking for ways to be more commercial. All I want to do is keep our fans happy and not sell out. It really could have used another two of three punk songs . Johnny thought that this did not result well for the band's sound, saying: "I knew going in that this was not going to be the type of album I wanted. The time period of recording was a high-point in musical style for both Joey and Johnny, though they directed their sound towards different styles of music: Joey's inspiration from pop music became evident in his writing, while Johnny's keenness of hard-rock guitar riffs are apparent in much of his performing on the album. ![]() These conflicts and differences became evident in the songwriting as, for the first time on a Ramones album, each song was now credited to individual members rather than multiple members. This tension was partially due to Dee Dee Ramone's drug addiction, as well as Marky Ramone and Joey Ramone developing problems with alcohol, resulting in the frustration of Johnny Ramone. The studio recording process began on March 30, 1981, and initiated several conflicts between band members. Prior to working with Gouldman, the Ramones had recorded demos for the album with audio engineer Ed Stasium, and while the band had intended for Steve Lillywhite to produce the album, this decision was rejected by Sire. With Sire Records management being insistent on allowing a celebrity record producer to work on the album, they hired Graham Gouldman-songwriter and musician for the British band 10cc-to produce the album. The writing process for Pleasant Dreams began in January 1981. The album also met with mixed critical reception. It is the first Ramones album not to feature any cover songs.ĭespite Sire's efforts to broaden the band's appeal by enlisting Gouldman to produce, the album was not commercially successful, peaking at #58 on the Billboard 200 and only charting outside of the US in Sweden. Ultimately, the album incorporated high production values and varying musical styles, straying from traditional punk rock on songs such as "We Want the Airwaves", "She's a Sensation" and "Come On Now". There were also disputes about the overall direction of the album, with Johnny leaning towards hard rock and Joey towards pop punk. The recording process brought about many conflicts between band members, most notably the strife between Joey Ramone and Johnny Ramone, due to Johnny starting a relationship with Joey's girlfriend. While the band members wanted Steve Lillywhite to produce, Sire chose Graham Gouldman in an attempt to gain popularity through a well-known producer. Pleasant Dreams is the sixth studio album by American punk rock band the Ramones, released on July 20, 1981, through Sire Records. ![]() ![]() ![]() In the potential season 3, most of the main cast members are expected to reprise their roles. Supporting cast members also include Lucho Velasco (Dúver Cruz ‘Manín’), Diana Wiswell (Cata), Sebastián Silva (Pite), Juan Manuel Restrepo (Charly Cruz Joven), Mariana Garzón (Vanessa Cruz), and Kiño (Axel) amongst others. The cast of the show is led by Carolina Ramírez (Yeimy Montoya), who is joined by Carlos Torres (Charlie Flow), Andres Sandoval (Juan Camilo Mesa ‘Juancho’), and Adriana Arango (Ligia de Cruz). The Queen of Flow Season 3 Cast: Who can be in it? Thus, if given the go-ahead, ‘The Queen of Flow’ season 3 could premiere in mid 2023. However, in the unlikely scenario that a third season is greenlit soon, the show’s lengthy production schedule, which has churned out 172 episodes over two seasons, means we cannot expect to see more of Yeimy’s story anytime soon. ![]() Of course, with Netflix streaming the show, its viewership numbers will be a significant factor and will likely be studied for some time before any official announcements are made. However, she reasonably justified why season 2 ends the way it does and gave her thoughts on why the narrative has seemingly come to its close.įor now, the fate of ‘The Queen of Flow’ season 3 remains in the balance because there appear to be factors that support renewal as well as a conclusion to the show. She also took to social media to discuss with fans the unexpected ending of season 2 - a conclusion she claimed possibly left some viewers confused. However, lead actress Carolina Ramirez has hinted that the show’s story arc is essentially over within season 2, making another season unlikely. However, fans needn’t be disheartened because the meteoric success that ‘The Queen of Flow’ has enjoyed amongst viewers means that a third season will be seriously considered by the television powers that be. ‘The Queen of Flow’ season 2 premiered on April 26, 2021, on the Colombian network Caracol Televisión and was subsequently released for streaming on Netflix.Īs far as season 3 is concerned, there have been no official announcements as to whether it has been greenlit, and the fate of the show remains ambiguous at the moment. The tumultuous story, which balances emotional drama, music, and revenge-driven intrigue, has continued into a second season, but how much further does Yeimy’s story go? Can we expect another season to continue the narrative? Let’s take a look at everything we know about ‘The Queen of Flow’ season 3. Developed by Andres Salgado, the show first premiered in 2018 and has since become one of the most successful shows on Colombian television. ![]() ![]() ![]() WebTorrent Google Cast (WTGC) - Play WebTorrent media on Google Cast devices ( source code).FileMap - Share files by pinning them to geographic locations.DropClickPaste - Drop Dead Simple Content Sharing.Watchtor - A minimalistic approach for online torrent watching ( source code).Gaia 3D Star Map - 2 million stars, rendered in 3D with WebGL, WebVR, and WebTorrent.TorrentMedia - Fully-featured desktop WebTorrent client.PeerFast - First P2P Internet Speed Test ( source code).Magnet Player - Stream video torrents directly from your browser ( source code).Web2web - Server-less & domain-less websites updatable via torrents and bitcoin blockchain ( source code).Squidlink - Transfer files from A to B without the Cloud ( source code).webtorrent-cljs - Clojurescript wrapper for WebTorrent.PeerTube - Prototype of a decentralized video streaming platform in the web browser ( source code).Twister - Decentralized microblogging service, using WebTorrent for media attachments ( source code).YouShark - Web music player for WebTorrent ( source code).PeerWeb - Fetch and render a static website from a torrent.βTorrent - Fully-featured browser WebTorrent client ( source code).Tokenly Pockets - Digital token issuance with WebTorrent-based metadata ( source code). ![]() Fastcast – Gallery site with some videos ( source code).Webtorrentapp – Platform for launching web apps from torrents.File.pizza - Free peer-to-peer file transfers in your browser ( source code).GitTorrent - Decentralized GitHub using BitTorrent and Bitcoin ( source code).Instant.io – Streaming file transfer over WebTorrent ( source code).Wormhole – Simple, private file sharing (built by the WebTorrent team).WebTorrent Desktop - Streaming torrent app.WebTorrent is still pretty new, but it's already being used in cool ways: Chris Kranky (from "WebTorrent: Rethinking Delivery") Who is using WebTorrent today? Science experiment to now on the edge of being viable. Notion of client-server, with applications for internal infrastructure andĮxternal closed user communications. WebTorrent has significant business potential to radically change the traditional There are also exciting business use cases, from CDNs to app delivery. Rarely-accessed content is served reliably over HTTP from the origin server. Popular content is served browser-to-browser, quickly and cheaply. Non-profit projects like Wikipedia and the InternetĪrchive could reduce bandwidth and hosting costs by letting visitorsĬhip in. One of the most exciting uses for WebTorrent is peer-assisted delivery. Brewster Kahle, Founder of the Internet Archive (from Locking the Web Open) What are some use cases for WebTorrent? Right now, those values are not embedded in the Web. Freedom of expression needs to be baked into our code. The way we code the Web will determine the way we live online. WebTorrent is the first step in the journey to No more client/server – just a network of peers,Īll equal. The more people that use a WebTorrent-powered website, the faster andīrowser-to-browser communication cuts out the middle-man and lets peopleĬommunicate on their own terms. Imagine a video site like YouTube, where visitors help to host the site'sĬontent. Using open web standards, WebTorrent connects website users together to form aĭistributed, decentralized browser-to-browser network for efficient file transfer. It's written completely in JavaScript – the language of the web – and uses WebTorrent is the first torrent client that works in the browser. WebTorrent Get Started Docs FAQ WebTorrent Desktop Instant.io GitHub Frequently Asked Questions What is WebTorrent? ![]() ![]() ![]() We accept cash, Mastercard, Visa or check. Fingerprints for government agencies must have an ORI code.Fingerprints for employment or licensing purposes must have the agency's name and authorization number.The following documents are NOT accepted as forms of identification: private employer identification cards, insurance cards, banking cards, membership cards, and mail listing your name and address.citizenship or naturalization, or a social security card. If you werent provided with ten-print cards, we have fd-258 cards. If you only have one valid photo ID from the categories listed above, the following documents are accepted in addition to one photo identification card: A United States birth certificate, certificate of U.S. The Spartanburg County Sheriffs Office provides fingerprinting services free of.Passport card, military identification card, Federal Government employee identification cards, United States permanent resident card with photo, or work visa with photo. citizenship or naturalization, unexpired passport or U.S. Accepted identification includes: current state identification card or driver's license, certificate of U.S.In the event a fingerprinting applicant is a minor under the age of 18 and is not in possession of a State or Federally issued photo ID, please bring any two of the documents listed below to your appointment. At least one form of identification MUST include a photograph of the fingerprinting applicant. Required MaterialsThe following materials are required for your fingerprinting appointment: The records is provided at the Police Department and include fingerprints, current photograph and a growth chart. Our program allows parents to keep identification records for their children. You can find a list of locations through the State Department.Īll applicants seeking a background check for the State of Maryland or Federal Bureau of Investigation must make an appointment, walk-ins are no longer accepted. ![]() If you need to complete one of the forms listed above, please inquire with another agency. The Rockville City Police Department DOES NOT offer hard copy ink-based fingerprint services to include the following forms: ![]() We currently only process Maryland LiveScan Fingerprints. To receive a copy of your criminal record in Maryland, you must be fingerprinted. Ensure that your request includes your home address or address where you wish to receive the fingerprint card.The Rockville City Police Department works with the Criminal Justice Information Systems Central Repository to provide background checks to the public. You may request a fingerprint card from the DFAS Personnel Security Office if the agency you choose requires that you provide your own fingerprint card (SF87). Check with the fingerprinting agency for identification requirements. In all cases, you must bring valid identification (unexpired state ID and/or unexpired photo ID). If your fingerprints are taken and transmitted electronically, the location may need the following codes: If the answer is “No,” you must find another location.If the answer is “Yes,” you may use this location to have your fingerprints taken.You are responsible for contacting the agency you choose to determine whether they can take your fingerprints using the SF-87 fingerprint card, the FD-258 fingerprint card or transmit fingerprints electronically. We cannot use a third party report and you will incur unnecessary costs. Do not pay a third party agency to run a FBI/Criminal History report for you.Some law enforcement agencies may charge you a fee to take your fingerprints. There is no cost to be fingerprinted at a DFAS site.Your first choice should be a federal or state government agency, local law enforcement agency, or a Veterans Administration (VA) facility (such as a VA Hospital) that will provide "courtesy fingerprints." If using a DFAS site is not feasible, complete an internet search to locate fingerprinting sites/agencies near you. Contact information for each DFAS site is provided in the table below. Guidanceįor convenience, we highly recommend fingerprinting at a DFAS site. IT IS THEREFORE RECOMMENDED THAT YOU CONTACT THE FINGERPRINTING LOCATION PRIOR TO YOUR ARRIVAL. Fingerprint Card Service If you are looking to get your fingerprints captured and printed onto an ink fingerprint card (FD-258) and to provide it to a State or Federal agency, you will need to enroll online and obtain a QR code. MANY OFFICES EITHER ARE CLOSED OR REQUIRE APPOINTMENTS FOR FINGERPRINTING DUE TO COVID-19. If you are not a DFAS applicant please check with your owning/prospective Human Resources or Security Office for guidance on their suitability and security review process. * Processing and procedures identified below are specific to DFAS Applicants only. ![]() ![]() ![]() Hope this helps anyone who ran into the same problem I did, and Thanks again to Nicolas for all the great work on this theme and everyone who is helping out in this forum with all the questions we have. If you are looking to change to a different color you will need to find the correct code for whichever color you want to change your text to. The #ff0000 I used changed the color of the text to red. Then just click the update file button in the WordPress editor and you should be good to go. I simply added this code for color right between the first and the % sign, so the code now looks like this If you use the code Nicolas provided above in your child theme functions.php file, you will see a portion of the code that looks like this If anyone else is having the same problem, how to change the font color of the text you have added under the header in Customizr theme, here is how I did it. But after some trial and error I figured out the solution. Thanks for the reply Nicolas! Unfortunately the links you directed me to were not able to help me with my problem of changing the color of the text I added above the slider/below the header. What I've done: Using the Theme Options, Extra Header Text menu I added four text links and a 10 icon (24x24px)social media icon bar in the upper right of the 960px header. This code uses the Bootstrap base CSS syntax. Child Theme installed on main Multisite: publichtml, wp-content, themes. Find the Top bar and add text or navigation menu widgets. checks if we are displaying the home page You can add content to Your top bar at Widgets menu in Your admin. we add the action with priority set to 5 => it will be displayed in first position (before the slider if any)Īdd_action ('_after_header', 'add_content_after_header', 20) Configure the plugin with the options page at Settings > Speed Contact Bar. Activate the plugin in the Plugin dashboard. Select speed-contact-bar.zip from your computer. Navigate to the ‘Add New’ in the plugins dashboard. In the functions.php file of your child theme, you can write this kind of code that will display a block right after header in your home page. Installation by Uploading in WordPress Dashboard. This is currently overridden by the twentytwenty parent theme in its function.A clean and simple solution to display a block of content right below the header is to add an action to the ‘_after_header’ hook (located in the header.php template of the Customizr theme). Once you’ve done this, open it with your editor and add an opening PHP tag (![]() ![]() 11), we can derive a boundary for the minimum energy difference between the HOMO of CuPc and the LUMO of C 60. Finally, from the open-circuit voltage of the CuPc:C 60 heterojunction solar cell, which corresponds to ~0.5 eV (ref. This corresponds to the charge-separated state configuration on the C 60 side of the heterojunction, where C 60 is now negatively charged. Accordingly, the LUMO orbital of a fully occupied C 60 is located at an energy between 2.0 and 2.3 eV above the HOMO. Gas-phase spectra of negatively charged C 60 − indicate an energy difference of 2.0 eV between the X 1A g ground state and the B 1S 1 lowest singlet excited state of neutral C 60 (ref. Combining photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopy, the onset of the HOMO–LUMO gap in solid C 60 was determined to 2.3 eV (ref. This allows to determine the position of the HOMO of C 60 on the right side of Fig. Photoemission measurements established an offset of 1.45 eV between the HOMO of CuPc and C 60 (ref. Singlet and triplet excitons in CuPc are located ~2 and 1.2 eV, respectively, above the ground state 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. ![]() The energy level diagram of the CuPc:C 60 heterojunction, based on a combination of various spectroscopic data, is shown in Fig. Let us review the knowledge about the energy landscape of the relevant electronic states involved. Photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopy demonstrated that this process is energetically enabled by the electronic level alignment of the compounds forming the heterojunction, including CuPc and C 60 (ref. Adding a small amount of C 60, the fluorescence radiation from the recombination of the excitonic state of the chromophore is quenched 1, 2, indicating a vastly improved efficiency of charge generation. ![]() For many organic systems, C 60 is an excellent acceptor, capturing the electron and thus separating the charges. Light harvesting in CuPc:C 60 is initiated through creation of an excitonic state at the chromophore (CuPc), while the desired final state consists of a separated electron–hole pair with a vacancy in the chromophore and a free electron in C 60. ![]() Evidently, a better theoretical understanding and novel experimental approaches are needed to validate or dismiss fundamental assumptions, regarding the nature and fate of photoexcited states in organic heterojunctions. Even more concerning, partly contradicting interpretations and models have been presented regarding the question, which initial excitations contribute to charge generation, and which do not. Copper-phthalocyanine (CuPc):C 60 is a canonical model system for this class of devices, but despite a significant body of research, fundamental mechanisms for charge separation remain obscure. Improving the efficiency of the underlying light-harvesting and charge generation processes, however, requires detailed knowledge of all the steps from the initial light-induced excitation of the chromophore to the final state, where charges are separated in the donor and acceptor phases. Organic donor–acceptor systems are particularly intriguing candidates for light-harvesting applications, as their properties can be readily modified using well-established chemical synthesis techniques. Photoinduced charge generation plays a central role in a broad range of physical, chemical, and biological processes that underlie natural and engineered photocatalytic and photovoltaic systems. ![]() |